Environmental Toxicology, Geologia ksiazki anglojezyczne
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PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY
PRINCIPLES OF
TOXICOLOGY
Environmental and Industrial
Applications
SECOND EDITION
Edited by
Phillip L. Williams, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Environmental Health Science
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Robert C. James, Ph.D.
President, TERRA, Inc.
Tallahassee, Florida
Associate Scientist, Interdisciplinary Toxicology
Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
Stephen M. Roberts, Ph.D.
Professor and Program Director
Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
A Wiley-Interscience Publication
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
New York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published simultaneously in Canada.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sec-
tions 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Pub-
lisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to the Publisher for per-
mission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New
York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: PERMREQ@WILEY.COM.
For ordering and customer service, call 1-800-CALL-WILEY.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data:
Principles of toxicology: environmental and industrial applications / edited by Phillip L. Williams, Robert C.
James, Stephen M. Roberts.—2nd ed.
p. cm.
Update and expansion on a previous text entitled: Industrial toxicology: safety and health
applications in the workplace.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-471-29321-0 (cloth: alk. paper)
1. Toxicology. 2. Indusrial toxicology. 3. Envronmental toxicology. I. Williams,
Phillip L., 1952- II. James, Robert C., 1947- III. Roberts, Stephen M., 1950-
RA1211 .P746 2000
615.9Y02—dc21 99-042196
Printed in the United States of America.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTRIBUTORS
L
OUIS
A
DAMS
, P
H
.D. Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
J
UDY
A. B
EAN
, P
H
.D., Director, Biostatistics Program, Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
C
HISTOPHER
J. B
ORGERT
, P
H
.D., President and Principal Scientist, Appied Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Inc.; Assistant Scientist, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida
College of Veterinary Medicine, Alachua, Florida
J
ANICE
K. B
RITT,
P
H
.D., Senior Toxicologist, TERRA, Inc., Tallahassee, Florida
R
OBERT
A. B
UDINSKY
, J
R
., P
H
.D., Senior Toxicologist, ATRA, Inc., Tallahassee, Florida
C
HAM
E. D
ALLAS
, P
H.
D., Associate Professor and Director, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program,
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
R
OBERT
P. D
E
M
OTT
, P
H
.D., Chemical Risk Group Manager, GeoSyntec Consultants, Inc., Tampa,
Florida
S
TEVEN
G. D
ONKIN,
P
H
.D., Senior Scientist, Sciences International, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia
L
ORA
E. F
LEMING
, M.D., P
H
.D., MPH, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Public
Health, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
M
ICHAEL
R. F
RANKLIN
, P
H
.D., Interim Chair and Professor, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
H
OWARD
F
RUMKIN
, M.D., D
R
.P.H., Chair and Associate Professor, Department of Environmental and
Occupational Health, The Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
E
DWARD
I. G
ALAID
, M.D., MPH, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental and
Occupational Health, The Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta
J
AY
G
ANDY
, P
H
.D., Senior Toxicologist, Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Little
Rock, Arkansas
F
REDRIC
G
ERR
, M.D., Associate Professor, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health,
The Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
P
HILLIP
T. G
OAD
, P
H
.D., President, Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Little Rock,
Arkansas
C
HRISTINE
H
ALMES
, P
H
.D., Toxicologist, TERRA, Inc., Denver, Colorado
D
AV ID
E. J
ACOBS
, P
H
.D., Director, Office of Lead Hazard Control, U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development, Washington, D.C.
R
OBERT
C. J
AMES
, P
H
.D., President, TERRA, Inc., Tallahassee, Florida; Associate Scientist, Inter-
disciplinary Toxicology, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida
W
ILLIAM
R. K
ERN,
P
H
.D., Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida
v
vi
CONTRIBUTORS
P
AUL
J. M
IDDENDORF,
P
H
.D., Principal Research Scientist, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta,
Georgia
G
LENN
C. M
ILLNER
, P
H
.D., Vice President, Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Little
Rock, Arkansas
A
LAN
C. N
YE
, P
H
.D., Vice President, Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Little Rock,
Arkansas
E
LLEN
J. O’F
LAHERTY
, P
H
.D., Professor, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cin-
cinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
D
ANNY
L. O
HLSON
, P
H
.D., Toxicologist, Hazardous Substances and Waste Management Research,
Tallahassee, Florida
S
TEPHEN
M. R
OBERTS,
P
H
.D., Professor and Program Director, Center for Environmental and Human
Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
W
ILLIAM
R. S
ALMINEN
, P
H
.D., Consulting Toxicologist, Toxicology Division, Exxon Biomedical
Sciences, Inc., East Millstone, New Jersey
C
HRISTOPER
J. S
ARANKO,
P
H
.D., Post Doctoral Fellow, Center for Environmental and Human
Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
C
HRISTOPER
M. T
EAF
, P
H
.D., President, Hazardous Substances and Waste Management Research,
Tallahassee, Florida; Associate Director, Center for Biochemical and Toxicological Research and
Hazardous Waste Management, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
D. A
LAN
W
ARREN,
P
H
.D., Toxicologist, TERRA, Inc., Tallahassee, Florida
P
HILLIP
L. W
ILLIAMS
, P
H
.D., Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Science,
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
G
AROLD
S. Y
OST
, P
H
.D., Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY
PRINCIPLES OF
TOXICOLOGY
Environmental and Industrial
Applications
SECOND EDITION
Edited by
Phillip L. Williams, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Environmental Health Science
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
Robert C. James, Ph.D.
President, TERRA, Inc.
Tallahassee, Florida
Associate Scientist, Interdisciplinary Toxicology
Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
Stephen M. Roberts, Ph.D.
Professor and Program Director
Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
A Wiley-Interscience Publication
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
New York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published simultaneously in Canada.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sec-
tions 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Pub-
lisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to the Publisher for per-
mission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New
York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: PERMREQ@WILEY.COM.
For ordering and customer service, call 1-800-CALL-WILEY.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data:
Principles of toxicology: environmental and industrial applications / edited by Phillip L. Williams, Robert C.
James, Stephen M. Roberts.—2nd ed.
p. cm.
Update and expansion on a previous text entitled: Industrial toxicology: safety and health
applications in the workplace.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-471-29321-0 (cloth: alk. paper)
1. Toxicology. 2. Indusrial toxicology. 3. Envronmental toxicology. I. Williams,
Phillip L., 1952- II. James, Robert C., 1947- III. Roberts, Stephen M., 1950-
RA1211 .P746 2000
615.9Y02—dc21 99-042196
Printed in the United States of America.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTRIBUTORS
L
OUIS
A
DAMS
, P
H
.D. Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
J
UDY
A. B
EAN
, P
H
.D., Director, Biostatistics Program, Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
C
HISTOPHER
J. B
ORGERT
, P
H
.D., President and Principal Scientist, Appied Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Inc.; Assistant Scientist, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida
College of Veterinary Medicine, Alachua, Florida
J
ANICE
K. B
RITT,
P
H
.D., Senior Toxicologist, TERRA, Inc., Tallahassee, Florida
R
OBERT
A. B
UDINSKY
, J
R
., P
H
.D., Senior Toxicologist, ATRA, Inc., Tallahassee, Florida
C
HAM
E. D
ALLAS
, P
H.
D., Associate Professor and Director, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program,
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
R
OBERT
P. D
E
M
OTT
, P
H
.D., Chemical Risk Group Manager, GeoSyntec Consultants, Inc., Tampa,
Florida
S
TEVEN
G. D
ONKIN,
P
H
.D., Senior Scientist, Sciences International, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia
L
ORA
E. F
LEMING
, M.D., P
H
.D., MPH, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Public
Health, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
M
ICHAEL
R. F
RANKLIN
, P
H
.D., Interim Chair and Professor, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
H
OWARD
F
RUMKIN
, M.D., D
R
.P.H., Chair and Associate Professor, Department of Environmental and
Occupational Health, The Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
E
DWARD
I. G
ALAID
, M.D., MPH, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental and
Occupational Health, The Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta
J
AY
G
ANDY
, P
H
.D., Senior Toxicologist, Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Little
Rock, Arkansas
F
REDRIC
G
ERR
, M.D., Associate Professor, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health,
The Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
P
HILLIP
T. G
OAD
, P
H
.D., President, Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Little Rock,
Arkansas
C
HRISTINE
H
ALMES
, P
H
.D., Toxicologist, TERRA, Inc., Denver, Colorado
D
AV ID
E. J
ACOBS
, P
H
.D., Director, Office of Lead Hazard Control, U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development, Washington, D.C.
R
OBERT
C. J
AMES
, P
H
.D., President, TERRA, Inc., Tallahassee, Florida; Associate Scientist, Inter-
disciplinary Toxicology, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida
W
ILLIAM
R. K
ERN,
P
H
.D., Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida
v
vi
CONTRIBUTORS
P
AUL
J. M
IDDENDORF,
P
H
.D., Principal Research Scientist, Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta,
Georgia
G
LENN
C. M
ILLNER
, P
H
.D., Vice President, Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Little
Rock, Arkansas
A
LAN
C. N
YE
, P
H
.D., Vice President, Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Little Rock,
Arkansas
E
LLEN
J. O’F
LAHERTY
, P
H
.D., Professor, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cin-
cinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
D
ANNY
L. O
HLSON
, P
H
.D., Toxicologist, Hazardous Substances and Waste Management Research,
Tallahassee, Florida
S
TEPHEN
M. R
OBERTS,
P
H
.D., Professor and Program Director, Center for Environmental and Human
Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
W
ILLIAM
R. S
ALMINEN
, P
H
.D., Consulting Toxicologist, Toxicology Division, Exxon Biomedical
Sciences, Inc., East Millstone, New Jersey
C
HRISTOPER
J. S
ARANKO,
P
H
.D., Post Doctoral Fellow, Center for Environmental and Human
Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
C
HRISTOPER
M. T
EAF
, P
H
.D., President, Hazardous Substances and Waste Management Research,
Tallahassee, Florida; Associate Director, Center for Biochemical and Toxicological Research and
Hazardous Waste Management, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
D. A
LAN
W
ARREN,
P
H
.D., Toxicologist, TERRA, Inc., Tallahassee, Florida
P
HILLIP
L. W
ILLIAMS
, P
H
.D., Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Science,
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
G
AROLD
S. Y
OST
, P
H
.D., Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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