English.Grammar - OUP - The Oxford Guide To English Usage, ANGIELSKI, !!!!!!!!!!pomoce, !!!!!!!!!books, grammar
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
www.GetPedia.com
Easy PDF Copyright © 1998,2003 Visage Software
This document was created with FREE version of Easy PDF.Please visit
for more details
The Oxford Guide to English Usage
CONTENTS Table of Contents
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Title Page TITLE
Edition Notice EDITION
Notices NOTICES
Table of Contents CONTENTS
Introduction FRONT_1
Grammatical Terms Used in This Book FRONT_2
Abbreviations FRONT_3
Word Formation 1.0
abbreviations 1.1
-ability and -ibility 1.2
-able and -ible 1.3
ae and oe 1.4
American spelling 1.5
ante- and anti- 1.6
-ant or ant 1.7
a or an 1.8
-ative or -ive 1.9
by- prefix 1.10
c and ck 1.11
capital or small initials 1.12
-cede or -ceed 1.13
-ce or -se 1.14
co- prefix 1.15
doubling of final consonant 1.16
dropping of silent -e 1.17
-efy or -ify 1.18
-ei or -ie- 1.19
en- or in- 1.20
-er and -est 1.21
-erous or -rous 1.22
final vowels before suffixes 1.23
for- and fore- 1.24
f to v 1.25
-ful suffix 1.26
hyphens 1.27
-ified or -yfied 1.28
in- or un- 1.29
i to y 1.30
-ize and -ise 1.31
l and ll 1.32
-ly 1.33
-ness 1.34
-or and -er 1.35
-oul- 1.36
-our or -or 1.37
Easy PDF Copyright © 1998,2003 Visage Software
This document was created with FREE version of Easy PDF.Please visit
for more details
past of verbs, formation of 1.38
plural formation 1.39
possessive case 1.40
-re or -er 1.41
re- prefix 1.42
silent final consonants 1.43
-s suffix 1.44
-xion or -ction 1.45
-y, -ey, or -ie nouns 1.46
-y or -ey adjectives 1.47
y or i 1.48
-yse or -yze 1.49
y to i 1.50
Difficult and confusable spellings 1.51
Pronunciation 2.0
A. General points of pronunciation 2.1
a 2.2
-age 2.3
American pronunciation 2.4
-arily 2.5
-ed 2.6
-edly, -edness 2.7
-ein(e) 2.8
-eity 2.9
-eur 2.10
g 2.11
-gm 2.12
h 2.13
-ies 2.14
-ile 2.15
ng 2.16
o 2.17
ough 2.18
phth 2.19
pn-, ps-, pt- 2.20
r 2.21
reduced forms 2.22
s, sh, z and zh 2.23
stress 2.24
t 2.25
th 2.26
u 2.27
ul 2.28
urr 2.29
wh 2.30
B. Preferred pronunciations 2.31
Vocabulary 3.0
Grammar 4.0
adverbial relative clauses 4.1
adverbs without -ly 4.2
article, omission of 4.3
as, case following 4.4
as if, as though 4.5
auxiliary verbs 4.6
but, case following 4.7
Easy PDF Copyright © 1998,2003 Visage Software
This document was created with FREE version of Easy PDF.Please visit
for more details
can and may 4.8
collective nouns 4.9
comparison of adjectives and adverbs 4.10
comparisons 4.11
compound subject 4.12
co-ordination 4.13
correlative conjunctions 4.14
dare 4.15
double passive 4.16
either...or: 4.17
either (pronoun) 4.18
gender of indefinite expressions 4.19
group possessive 4.20
have 4.21
he who, she who 4.22
-ics, nouns in 4.23
infinitive, present or perfect 4.24
-ing (gerund and participle) 4.25
I or me, we or us, etc. 4.26
I should or I would 4.27
I who, you who, etc. 4.28
like 4.29
-lily adverbs 4.30
may or might 4.31
measurement, nouns of 4.32
need 4.33
neither...nor 4.34
neither (pronoun) 4.35
none (pronoun) 4.36
ought 4.37
participles 4.38
preposition at end 4.39
quantity, nouns of 4.40
reflexive pronouns 4.41
relative clauses 4.42
shall and will 4.43
should and would 4.44
singular or plural 4.45
split infinitive 4.46
-s plural or singular 4.47
subjects joined by (either...) or 4.48
subjunctive 4.49
than, case following 4.50
that (conjunction), omission of 4.51
that (relative pronoun), omission of 4.52
there is or there are 4.53
to 4.54
unattached phrases 4.55
used to 4.56
way, relative clause following 4.57
were or was 4.58
we (with phrase following) 4.59
what (relative pronoun) 4.60
which or that (relative pronouns) 4.61
who and whom (interrogative and relative pronouns) 4.62
who or which (relative pronouns) 4.63
whose or of which in relative clauses 4.64
who/whom or that (relative pronouns) 4.65
Easy PDF Copyright © 1998,2003 Visage Software
This document was created with FREE version of Easy PDF.Please visit
for more details
you and I or you and me 4.66
Appendix A. Principles of Punctuation A.0
apostrophe A.1
brackets A.2
colon A.3
comma A.4
dash A.5
exclamation mark A.6
full stop A.7
hyphen: A.8
parentheses A.9
period: A.10
question mark A.11
quotation marks A.12
semicolon A.13
square brackets A.14
Appendix B. Clich‚s and Modish and Inflated Diction B.0
Appendix C. English Overseas C.0
1. The United States C.1
2. Canada C.2
3. Australia and New Zealand C.3
4. South Africa C.4
FRONT_1 Introduction
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
It is one thing to use language; it is quite another to
understand how it works.
(Anthony Burgess, Joysprick)
English usage is a subject as wide as the English language itself. By far
the greater part of usage, however, raises no controversies and poses no
problems for native speakers of English, just because it is their natural
idiom. But there are certain limited areas --particular sounds, spellings,
words, and constructions--about which there arises uncertainty,
difficulty, or disagreement. The proper aim of a usage guide is to resolve
these problems, rather than describe the whole of current usage.
The Oxford Guide to English Usage has this aim. Within the limits just
indicated, it offers guidance in as clear, concise, and systematic a
manner as possible. In effecting its aims it makes use of five special
features, explained below.
1. Layout. In the Guide the subject of usage is divided into four fields:
word formation, pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Each field is
covered by a separate section of the book, and each of the four
sections has its own alphabetical arrangement of entries. Each entry
is headed by its title in bold type. All the words that share a
particular kind of spelling, sound, or construction can therefore be
treated together. This makes for both economy and comprehensiveness
of treatment. Note that Pronunciation is in two parts: A deals with
the pronunciation of particular letters, or groups of letters, while B
is an alphabetical list of words whose pronunciation gives trouble.
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl upanicza.keep.pl
www.GetPedia.com
Easy PDF Copyright © 1998,2003 Visage Software
This document was created with FREE version of Easy PDF.Please visit
for more details
The Oxford Guide to English Usage
CONTENTS Table of Contents
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Title Page TITLE
Edition Notice EDITION
Notices NOTICES
Table of Contents CONTENTS
Introduction FRONT_1
Grammatical Terms Used in This Book FRONT_2
Abbreviations FRONT_3
Word Formation 1.0
abbreviations 1.1
-ability and -ibility 1.2
-able and -ible 1.3
ae and oe 1.4
American spelling 1.5
ante- and anti- 1.6
-ant or ant 1.7
a or an 1.8
-ative or -ive 1.9
by- prefix 1.10
c and ck 1.11
capital or small initials 1.12
-cede or -ceed 1.13
-ce or -se 1.14
co- prefix 1.15
doubling of final consonant 1.16
dropping of silent -e 1.17
-efy or -ify 1.18
-ei or -ie- 1.19
en- or in- 1.20
-er and -est 1.21
-erous or -rous 1.22
final vowels before suffixes 1.23
for- and fore- 1.24
f to v 1.25
-ful suffix 1.26
hyphens 1.27
-ified or -yfied 1.28
in- or un- 1.29
i to y 1.30
-ize and -ise 1.31
l and ll 1.32
-ly 1.33
-ness 1.34
-or and -er 1.35
-oul- 1.36
-our or -or 1.37
Easy PDF Copyright © 1998,2003 Visage Software
This document was created with FREE version of Easy PDF.Please visit
for more details
past of verbs, formation of 1.38
plural formation 1.39
possessive case 1.40
-re or -er 1.41
re- prefix 1.42
silent final consonants 1.43
-s suffix 1.44
-xion or -ction 1.45
-y, -ey, or -ie nouns 1.46
-y or -ey adjectives 1.47
y or i 1.48
-yse or -yze 1.49
y to i 1.50
Difficult and confusable spellings 1.51
Pronunciation 2.0
A. General points of pronunciation 2.1
a 2.2
-age 2.3
American pronunciation 2.4
-arily 2.5
-ed 2.6
-edly, -edness 2.7
-ein(e) 2.8
-eity 2.9
-eur 2.10
g 2.11
-gm 2.12
h 2.13
-ies 2.14
-ile 2.15
ng 2.16
o 2.17
ough 2.18
phth 2.19
pn-, ps-, pt- 2.20
r 2.21
reduced forms 2.22
s, sh, z and zh 2.23
stress 2.24
t 2.25
th 2.26
u 2.27
ul 2.28
urr 2.29
wh 2.30
B. Preferred pronunciations 2.31
Vocabulary 3.0
Grammar 4.0
adverbial relative clauses 4.1
adverbs without -ly 4.2
article, omission of 4.3
as, case following 4.4
as if, as though 4.5
auxiliary verbs 4.6
but, case following 4.7
Easy PDF Copyright © 1998,2003 Visage Software
This document was created with FREE version of Easy PDF.Please visit
for more details
can and may 4.8
collective nouns 4.9
comparison of adjectives and adverbs 4.10
comparisons 4.11
compound subject 4.12
co-ordination 4.13
correlative conjunctions 4.14
dare 4.15
double passive 4.16
either...or: 4.17
either (pronoun) 4.18
gender of indefinite expressions 4.19
group possessive 4.20
have 4.21
he who, she who 4.22
-ics, nouns in 4.23
infinitive, present or perfect 4.24
-ing (gerund and participle) 4.25
I or me, we or us, etc. 4.26
I should or I would 4.27
I who, you who, etc. 4.28
like 4.29
-lily adverbs 4.30
may or might 4.31
measurement, nouns of 4.32
need 4.33
neither...nor 4.34
neither (pronoun) 4.35
none (pronoun) 4.36
ought 4.37
participles 4.38
preposition at end 4.39
quantity, nouns of 4.40
reflexive pronouns 4.41
relative clauses 4.42
shall and will 4.43
should and would 4.44
singular or plural 4.45
split infinitive 4.46
-s plural or singular 4.47
subjects joined by (either...) or 4.48
subjunctive 4.49
than, case following 4.50
that (conjunction), omission of 4.51
that (relative pronoun), omission of 4.52
there is or there are 4.53
to 4.54
unattached phrases 4.55
used to 4.56
way, relative clause following 4.57
were or was 4.58
we (with phrase following) 4.59
what (relative pronoun) 4.60
which or that (relative pronouns) 4.61
who and whom (interrogative and relative pronouns) 4.62
who or which (relative pronouns) 4.63
whose or of which in relative clauses 4.64
who/whom or that (relative pronouns) 4.65
Easy PDF Copyright © 1998,2003 Visage Software
This document was created with FREE version of Easy PDF.Please visit
for more details
you and I or you and me 4.66
Appendix A. Principles of Punctuation A.0
apostrophe A.1
brackets A.2
colon A.3
comma A.4
dash A.5
exclamation mark A.6
full stop A.7
hyphen: A.8
parentheses A.9
period: A.10
question mark A.11
quotation marks A.12
semicolon A.13
square brackets A.14
Appendix B. Clich‚s and Modish and Inflated Diction B.0
Appendix C. English Overseas C.0
1. The United States C.1
2. Canada C.2
3. Australia and New Zealand C.3
4. South Africa C.4
FRONT_1 Introduction
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
It is one thing to use language; it is quite another to
understand how it works.
(Anthony Burgess, Joysprick)
English usage is a subject as wide as the English language itself. By far
the greater part of usage, however, raises no controversies and poses no
problems for native speakers of English, just because it is their natural
idiom. But there are certain limited areas --particular sounds, spellings,
words, and constructions--about which there arises uncertainty,
difficulty, or disagreement. The proper aim of a usage guide is to resolve
these problems, rather than describe the whole of current usage.
The Oxford Guide to English Usage has this aim. Within the limits just
indicated, it offers guidance in as clear, concise, and systematic a
manner as possible. In effecting its aims it makes use of five special
features, explained below.
1. Layout. In the Guide the subject of usage is divided into four fields:
word formation, pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Each field is
covered by a separate section of the book, and each of the four
sections has its own alphabetical arrangement of entries. Each entry
is headed by its title in bold type. All the words that share a
particular kind of spelling, sound, or construction can therefore be
treated together. This makes for both economy and comprehensiveness
of treatment. Note that Pronunciation is in two parts: A deals with
the pronunciation of particular letters, or groups of letters, while B
is an alphabetical list of words whose pronunciation gives trouble.
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]